作者: Bruce Tuckman
Bruce Tuckman於1965年提出四個階段的團隊發展模式：Forming、Storming、Norming、Performing，Tuckman在1975年提出了第五個階段：Adjourning。
| Group Development Stage | GDS1 Forming | GDS2 Storming | GDS3 Norming | GDS4 Performing | GDS5 Adjourning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trust | Little | Begin to develop | Develop cohesion | High | |
| Anxiety | Very high | High | Diminished | Diminished | |
| Conflict | Not apparent | Erupt | Managed | Submerged | |
| Competence | Low | Some | Moderate to High | High | |
| Commitment | High | Low | Variable | High | |
| Actions of Leader | Set the goal. Set the rule. Organize the team. Directive style. | Guide the team. Organize the work to be effective. Team building. Coach style. | Support the team. Provide feedbacks for improvement. Patricipative style. | Delegating style. |
這個模式 (以 Competence 及 Commitment 來區分不同階段) 和 Ken Blanchard 在情境領導 (Situational Leadership) 裡提出的 Development Level 有異曲同工之妙；差別是前者在探討團體的發展階段，後者在探討員工的發展階段。
延伸閱讀
[學習筆記] 工作團隊 Work Teams
[學習筆記] 群體行為 Group Behavior
[閱讀筆記] 克服團隊領導的 5 大障礙
[Wiki] The Forming – Storming – Norming – Performing model of group development
Work Group Development
